University of California Berkeley

The college of California, Berkeley (additionally referred to as Berkeley, UC Berkeley, California or genuinely Cal) is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. it's far the flagship campus of the college of California device, one among 3 components inside the state's public better training plan, which additionally includes the California nation college system and the California community faculties system.

it is considered by means of the instances better education world college scores as one in every of six college manufacturers that lead in international reputation rankings in 2015 and is ranked 0.33 on the U.S. news' 2015 high-quality worldwide Universities ratings performed in the U.S. and almost 50 other nations. the educational ranking of global Universities (ARWU) also ranks the university of California, Berkeley fourth within the international universal, and first among public universities. it's miles widely ranked first in technological know-how, 1/3 in engineering, and fifth in social sciences, with unique rankings of first in chemistry, first in physics, 1/3 in laptop technological know-how, fourth in arithmetic, and fourth in economics/business.The college is likewise widely recognized for producing a excessive wide variety of entrepreneurs.

established in 1868 as the end result of the merger of the private college of California and the general public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts university in Oakland, UC Berkeley is the oldest organization inside the UC machine and gives approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree packages in a extensive range of disciplines. The university of California has been charged with imparting both "classical" and "realistic" training for the country's humans. Cal co-manages 3 united states branch of power national Laboratories, which includes the Los Alamos national Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley country wide Laboratory for the U.S. department of power.

Berkeley faculty, alumni, and researchers have gained 72 Nobel Prizes (which includes 30 alumni Nobel laureates), nine Wolf Prizes, thirteen Fields Medals (which include 3 alumni medalists), 22 Turing Awards, 45 MacArthur Fellowships, 20 Academy Awards, 14 Pulitzer Prizes and one hundred and five Olympic gold medals (47 silver and 33 bronze). up to now, at the side of Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley scientists and researchers have observed sixteen chemical factors of the periodic table (californium, seaborgium, berkelium, einsteinium, fermium, lawrencium, etc.) – greater than any other university in the international.Lawrence Livermore Lab also located or co-discovered six chemical factors (113 to 118). Berkeley is a founding member of the affiliation of yankee Universities and keeps to have very high research pastime with $730.7 million in research and development prices inside the financial year ending June 30, 2014.
In 1866, the personal college of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. because it lacked sufficient price range to function, it eventually merged with the kingdom-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts college to form the college of California, the primary complete-curriculum public college in the nation.

Ten faculty participants and nearly forty students made up the new college of California whilst it opened in Oakland in 1869. Frederick H. Billings turned into a trustee of the college of California and counseled that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish logician George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founding father of the college of California, became the first president. With the final touch of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 222 lady students and held its first instructions.

starting in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst made numerous large items to Berkeley, investment some of programs and new buildings, and sponsoring, in 1898, an global competition in Antwerp, Belgium, where French architect Émile Bénard submitted the triumphing layout for a campus master plan. In 1905, the university Farm became set up near Sacramento, in the long run becoming the university of California, Davis. by way of the Nineteen Twenties, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and protected twenty structures designed with the aid of architect John Galen Howard.

Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958. through 1942, the yank Council on education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard university in the wide variety of distinguished departments.
during global struggle II, following Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. army to develop the atomic bomb. UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the ny challenge in 1942. along side the Lawrence Berkeley country wide Laboratory (formerly the Radiation Lab), Berkeley is now a associate in handling two different labs, Los Alamos countrywide Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory (1952).

in the beginning, navy education become obligatory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that cause. In 1917, Berkeley's ROTC software turned into set up, and its faculty of army Aeronautics educated destiny pilots, along with Jimmy Doolittle, who graduated with a B.A. in 1922. both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeley's ROTC software, incomes B.A. ranges in 1937 and 1938, respectively. In 1926, destiny fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz installed the primary Naval Reserve officials education Corps unit at Berkeley. in the course of world battle II, the army improved its presence on campus to recruit greater officers, and by means of 1944, greater than 1,000 Berkeley students have been enrolled inside the V-12 military college schooling application and naval education faculty for diesel engineering. The Board of Regents ended compulsory navy schooling at Berkeley in 1962.

throughout the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. a number of faculty members objected and were brushed off; ten years passed earlier than they have been reinstated with again pay.

In 1952, the university of California became an entity break away the Berkeley campus. each campus become given relative autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the complete college of California gadget, and Clark Kerr became the primary Chancellor of UC Berkeley.
Berkeley received a recognition for scholar activism inside the 1960s with the unfastened Speech motion of 1964[37] and competition to the Vietnam battle. inside the extraordinarily publicized humans's Park protest in 1969, students and the faculty conflicted over use of a plot of land; the national defend become called in and violence erupted. Then governor of California Ronald Reagan known as the Berkeley campus "a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and intercourse deviants." current college students at Berkeley are less politically energetic, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives. Democrats outnumber Republicans on the college via a ratio of 9:1.

various human and animal rights organizations have conflicted with Berkeley. local americans conflicted with the school over repatriation of remains from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology. Animal-rights activists have threatened college contributors the usage of animals for research. The college's response to tree sitters protesting construction precipitated controversy in the local network.

On may 1, 2014, UC Berkeley become named one of 50-five better schooling establishments under research by the workplace of Civil Rights "for feasible violations of federal law over the dealing with of sexual violence and harassment lawsuits" via the White residence assignment force to protect college students from Sexual assault. The research comes after 31 lady college students made 3 federal court cases: first, a Clery Act criticism become filed in may also 2013, after which, after a lack of response from the college, a 2d Clery Act grievance and name IX grievance have been filed on February 26, 2014. Investigations have persisted into 2016, with loads of pages of facts released in April 2016, showing a pattern of documented sexual harassment and firings of non-tenured workforce.
As kingdom funding declined, Berkeley turned to private assets: BP donated $400 million over 10 years to expand biofuels, the Hewlett basis gave $113 million to endow one hundred school chairs, and Dow Chemical gave $10 million to research sustainability.The BP supply has been criticized for diverting meals manufacturing to fuel production. The 2008–thirteen campaign for Berkeley raised $3.thirteen billion from 281,855 donors.